'Ellens dritter Gesang' ('Ellens Gesang III', D. 839, Op. 52, No. 6, 1825), in English: 'Ellen's Third Song', was composed by Franz Schubert in 1825 as part of his Op. 52, a setting of seven songs from Walter Scott's popular narrative poem The Lady of the Lake, loosely translated into German.
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It is one of Schubert's most popular works. Beyond the song as originally composed by Schubert, it is often performed and recorded by many singers under the title 'Ave Maria' (the Latin name of the prayer Hail Mary, and also the opening words and refrain of Ellen's song, a song which is itself a prayer to the Virgin Mary), in musically simplified arrangements and with various lyrics that commonly differ from the original context of the poem. It was arranged in three versions for piano by Franz Liszt.[1]
The Lady of the Lake and the 'Ave Maria'[edit]
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The piece was composed as a setting of a song (verse XXIX from Canto Three) from Walter Scott's popular narrative poem The Lady of the Lake,[2] in a German translation by Adam Storck [de] (1780–1822),[3] and thus forms part of Schubert's Liederzyklus vom Fräulein vom See. In Scott's poem the character Ellen Douglas, the Lady of the Lake (Loch Katrine in the Scottish Highlands), has gone with her exiled father to stay in the Goblin's cave as he has declined to join their previous host, Roderick Dhu, in rebellion against King James. Roderick Dhu, the chieftain of Clan Alpine, sets off up the mountain with his warriors, but lingers and hears the distant sound of the harpist Allan-bane, accompanying Ellen who sings a prayer addressed to the Virgin Mary, calling upon her for help. Roderick Dhu pauses, then goes on to battle.[4]
Schubert's arrangement is said to have first been performed at the castle of Countess Sophie Weissenwolff in the little Austrian town of Steyregg and dedicated to her, which led to her becoming known as 'the lady of the lake' herself.[5]
The opening words and refrain of Ellen's song, namely 'Ave Maria' (Latin for 'Hail Mary'), may have led to the idea of adapting Schubert's melody as a setting for the full text of the traditional Roman Catholic prayer 'Ave Maria'. The Latin version of the 'Ave Maria' is now so frequently used with Schubert's melody that it has led to the misconception that he originally wrote the melody as a setting for the 'Ave Maria'.
Position within the cycle[edit]
In 1825, Schubert composed a selection of seven songs from Scott's The Lady of the Lake. They were published in 1826 as his Opus 52.
The songs are not intended for a single performer: the three songs of Ellen are piano songs for a woman's voice, while the songs for Norman and the Count of Douglas were intended for the baritone Johann Michael Vogl. The remaining two songs are written one for a male and the other for a female ensemble.
- 'Ellens Gesang I', D. 837, Raste Krieger, Krieg ist aus / 'Soldier rest! the warfare o'er'
- 'Ellens Gesang II', D. 838, Jäger, ruhe von der Jagd / 'Huntsman, rest! thy chase is done'
- 'Bootgesang' (Hail to the Chief), D. 835, Triumph, er naht / 'who in triumph approaches', for male voice quartet
- 'Coronach' (Deathsong of the women and girls), D. 836, Er ist uns geschieden / 'He is gone to the mountain', for female choir
- 'Normans Gesang', D. 846, Die Nacht bricht bald herein ('Night will soon be falling')
- 'Ellens Gesang III' (Hymne an die Jungfrau / Hymn to the Virgin), D. 839, Ave Maria! Jungfrau mild / 'Ave Maria! maiden mild!'
- 'Lied des gefangenen Jägers', D. 843, Mein Roß so müd / 'My steed is tired'
Schubert composed the songs to the German texts. However, with the exception of No. 5, the songs were clearly intended to be published with the original English texts as well. Itunes sync for mac. This meant finding correspondences to Storck's sometimes quite free translations, which entailed significant difficulties.
Lyrics[edit]
Mezzo-soprano Dorothea Fayne, Uwe Streibel (piano) | |
| Problems playing this file? See media help. | |
| Storck's translation[6] used by Schubert | 'Hymn to the Virgin' by Sir Walter Scott[7] |
|---|---|
Ave Maria! Jungfrau mild, | Ave Maria! maiden mild! |
| Latin Catholic prayer version | |
|---|---|
Ave Maria, gratia plena, | Hail Mary, full of grace, |
Used in Fantasia (1940)[edit]
Youtube Ave Maria Vivaldi
Walt Disney used Schubert's song in the final part of his 1940 film Fantasia, where he linked it to Modest Mussorgsky's Night on Bald Mountain in one of his most famous pastiches. The end of Mussorgsky's work blends with almost no break into the beginning of Schubert's song, and as Deems Taylor remarked, the bells in Night on Bald Mountain, originally meant to signal the coming of dawn, which cause the demon Chernobog to stop his dark worship and the ghosts to return to the grave, now seem to be church bells signalling the beginning of religious services. A procession of monks is shown walking along. The text for this version is sung in English, and was written by Rachel Field.[8] This version also had three stanzas, like Schubert's original, but only the third stanza made it into the film (one line in the last stanza is partially repeated to show how it is sung in the film):
Ave Maria! | Ave Maria! | Ave Maria! |
The version heard in Fantasia was arranged by Leopold Stokowski especially for the film, and unlike the original, which is for a solo voice, is scored for soprano and mixed chorus, accompanied by the string section of the Philadelphia Orchestra. The soloist is Julietta Novis. The Ave Maria sequence was later featured in Very Merry Christmas Songs, which is part of Disney Sing-Along Songs, as a background movie for the song 'Silent Night'.
Notable appearances[edit]
In February 2020, Christina Aguilera performed 'Ave Maria' to critical acclaim[9][10] at Kobe Bryant'smemorial service at the Staples Center.[11][12]
See also[edit]
- 'Ave Maria' by German composer Johann Sebastian Bach and French composer Charles Gounod
- 'Ave Maria' by Russian composer Vladimir Vavilov, often misattributed to Italian composer Giulio Caccini
- 'Ave Maria' by American R&B artist Beyoncé, a modern re-written rendition featured on her album I Am.. Sasha Fierce.[13]
References[edit]
- ^'Liszt and the Ave Maria : Interlude.hk'. Interlude.hk. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
- ^Spaeth, Sigmund (2005). Whitefish, Montana Stories Behind the World's Great Music, p. 114, Kessinger Publishing
- ^Storck, Adam (1819). Das Fräulein vom See: Ein Gedicht in sechs Gesängen von Walter Scott. Aus dem Englischen, und mit einer historischen Einleitung und Anmerkungen von D. Adam Storck, Professor in Bremen (in German). Essen: G. D. Baedeker – via HathiTrust.
- ^Verses XXVIII–XXX, The Lady of the Lake, Canto Three
- ^'cf. The Schubert Institute (UK)'. Archived from the original on October 26, 2008.
- ^Storck 1819, pp. 135–136.
- ^The Lady of the Lake, Canto Three, verse XXIX.
- ^Taylor, Deems (1940). Fantasia. Simon & Schuster. ASINB000KM5K12., with a foreword by Leopold Stokowski
- ^'8 Times Christina Aguilera Slayed Her Live Performances'. Billboard. February 24, 2020.
- ^'Christina Aguilera sings poignant 'Ave Maria' prayer in honour of Kobe Bryant'. Classic FM. February 25, 2020.
- ^Kimble, Lindsay (24 February 2020). 'Christina Aguilera Sings 'Ave Maria' to Honor Kobe and Gianna Bryant at Memorial'. People. Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
- ^Mamo, Heran (24 February 2020). 'Christina Aguilera Moves Audience With 'Ave Maria' at Kobe Bryant Memorial'. Billboard. Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
- ^Horan, Tom (2008-11-08). 'Beyoncé: dream girl'. The Daily Telegraph. London. ISSN0307-1235. Retrieved 2018-05-15.
External links[edit]
- 'Ellens dritter Gesang': Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
- Sheet music, Cantorion.org
- The Lady of the Lake, edition with notes by William J. Rolfe, Boston 1883, with the song on page 58, and notes on alternate words on page 177
- The Lady of the Lake (Gutenberg e-text #3011) The full text of Walter Scott's poem, including 'Hymn to the Virgin'
27 October 2020, 11:02
It’s a humble Catholic prayer, with a simple but incredibly moving tune by Franz Schubert. But who has performed ‘Ave Maria’ and what are the lyrics?
Despite being one of the world’s favourite settings of ‘Ave Maria’, Schubert never actually wrote a piece called ‘Ave Maria’.
Schubert’s music was actually called ‘Ellens dritter Gesang’, which translates as ‘Ellen’s Third Song’. He wrote it in 1825, aged 28, to the words of Sir Walter Scott’s epic poem The Lady of the Lake. The song does contain the words ‘Ave Maria’, but only in reference to the prayer itself.
Now one of Schubert’s most popular works, ‘Ave Maria’ has been recorded by numerous artists, with lyrics that largely differ from the original poem.
Andrea Bocelli, Maria Callas and Celine Dion have all recorded beautiful versions, as has the inimitable Luciano Pavarotti:
What are the lyrics to ‘Ave Maria’?
Ave Maria
Gratia plena
Maria, gratia plena
Maria, gratia plena
Ave, ave dominus
Dominus tecum
Benedicta tu in mulieribus
Et benedictus
Et benedictus fructus ventris
Ventris tuae, Jesus.
Ave Maria
Ave Maria
Mater Dei
Ora pro nobis peccatoribus
Ora pro nobis
Ora, ora pro nobis peccatoribus
Nunc et in hora mortis
Et in hora mortis nostrae
Et in hora mortis nostrae
Et in hora mortis nostrae
Ave Maria Csr racing app for mac.
English translation:
Hail Mary, full of grace,
Mary, full of grace,
Mary, full of grace,
Hail, Hail, the Lord.
The Lord is with thee.
Blessed art thou among women, and blessed,
Blessed is the fruit of thy womb,
Thy womb, Jesus.
Hail Mary!
Vivaldi Ave Maria
Hail Mary, Mother of God,
Pray for us sinners,
Pray, pray for us;
Pray, pray for us sinners,
Now and at the hour of our death,
The hour of our death
The hour of our death,
The hour of our death
Hail Mary.